![is visual novel reader malware is visual novel reader malware](https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/71q5m175ASL.jpg)
Variability of the nucleic acid sequence within the 478bp region at the C-terminal of p72 gene allows the distinction of ASFV into 24 genotypes ( Galindo and Alonso, 2017).Īlthough efforts have been made to develop a vaccine against ASFV, no safe and efficacious vaccines are available yet. Thus, p72 gene is often used as a target gene for detection of ASFV ( Luo et al., 2017). The viral protein p72 accounts for 1/3 of the total protein of the virus and its amino acid sequence is conserved. It can encode 151 to 200 proteins among which p72 is one of the main structural proteins ( García-Escudero et al., 1998). Its genome length is between 170 and 190 kb consisting of 151 open reading frames (ORF) ( Chapman et al., 2008 Villiers et al., 2010). The ASFV viron has an icosahedral symmetry with a diameter of 175 to 215 nm ( Breese and Deboer, 1966). It is also the only member of the Asfivirus genus, belonging to the Asfarviridae family ( Alonso et al., 2018). Moreover, ASF is listed as a notifiable disease by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE).ĪSFV is an enveloped virus with a double-stranded linear DNA. The disease has taken a tremendous toll on the swine industry in countries where epidemics occur and has a serious impact on the international trade of livestock products.
![is visual novel reader malware is visual novel reader malware](https://i.imgur.com/a5wEX.jpg)
The morbidity and mortality of ASFV in domestic pigs could be as high as 100%, and until now there is no effective vaccine against the disease ( Galindo and Alonso, 2017). ASF was reported for the first time in 1921 in Kenya ( Montgomery et al., 1921) and it has on several occasions, escaped out of continental Africa into other continents such as Europe, South America, and Asia ( Detray, 1963 Blasco et al., 1989 Dixon et al., 2013 Zhou et al., 2018).
![is visual novel reader malware is visual novel reader malware](https://sakimichi.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/2013-01-22-553578.jpeg)
Based on our results, the developed one-step visual LAMP assay is a promising penside diagnostic tool for development of early and cost-effective ASF monitoring program that would greatly contribute to the prevention and control of ASF.Īfrican swine fever (ASF) is an acute and highly fatal infectious disease caused by ASF virus (ASFV). Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the colorimetric detection with this LAMP assay could be directly applied for the whole blood and serum samples without requiring genome extraction. More importantly, the developed one-step visual LAMP showed high consistency with the results of the real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method recommended by World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). The detection limit for the one-step visual LAMP developed was 10 copies/reaction based on the recombinant plasmid containing the p72 gene of ASFV. The designed primer set targeting highly conserved region of the p72 gene was highly specific to ASFV and showed no cross-reactivity with other swine viruses. Neutral red exhibited a sharp contrast of color change from faint orange (negative) to pink (positive) during LAMP for detection of ASFV. In this study, ASF virus (ASFV) capsid protein-encoding gene (p72) was selected and used to design primers for establishing a one-step visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay with neutral red, a pH-sensitive dye, as the color shift indicator. Since there is no commercial ASF vaccine available, an early diagnosis is extremely important to prevent and control the disease. 5University Center of Veterinary Medicine JU-AU, Krakow, PolandĪfrican swine fever (ASF) has caused huge economic losses to the swine industry worldwide.4Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center VIEV”, Moscow, Russia.3Federal State Budgetary Institution, All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry (VNITIBP), Moscow, Russia.2Department of Basic and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.1State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.
![is visual novel reader malware is visual novel reader malware](https://venturebeat.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Uber.png)
Aliper 4, Kazimierz Tarasiuk 5, Zygmunt Pejsak 5, Zhijie Liu 1*, Yongguang Zhang 1* and Jie Zhang 1* Yang Wang 1†, Junfei Dai 1†, Yongsheng Liu 1, Jifei Yang 1, Qian Hou 1, Yunwen Ou 1, Yaozhong Ding 1, Bing Ma 1, Haotai Chen 1, MiaoMiao Li 1, Yuefeng Sun 1, Haixue Zheng 1, Keshan Zhang 1, Ashenafi Kiros Wubshet 1,2, Alexei D.